Mental
Mood, Conduct, or Personality Disorders, and/or other Illnesses that may or may not be diagnosed or treated.
Know Suicide, No Suicide
Anyone can prevent suicide.
Anyone can prevent suicide by picking up these warning signs and offering support.
"I have now gotten trained as a QPR Gatekeeper. This has taught me to pick up the signs of suicide and follow the simple steps needed to help save their lives."
We lose 1 Indian to suicide every 3 minutes
With 450 suicides per day or 164,000 suicides annually, India is the country with the most suicides globally.
The Global Disparity
China, with a larger population, has far fewer suicides than India. The World Health Organisation estimates this number at 2.16 lakh, compared to estimated suicides in China as 1.36 lakh in 2016.
Systemic Barriers
There are many reasons for this, ranging from a lack of political will, human resources, policy planning, budgetary constraints, widespread stigma, and suicide literacy. India continues to have the most number of suicides globally.
Data & Insights
The Public Health Reality
Key statistics and demographic realities drawn from national health frameworks.
The Ripple Effect
Further research indicates that 20 attempts to suicide are made for every completed suicide, and 100 others will seriously think about it.
Most Susceptible Groups
National data indicates alarming susceptibility across specific demographics, shattering common stereotypes:
- Daily Wage Earners (23.4%)
- Housewives (15.4%)
- Self-Employed & Professionals (11.6%)
Primary Triggers & Catalysts
What leads to these alarming numbers? Major reported triggers include Family Problems (32.4%), Illness (17.1%), and Marriage-related issues (5.5%). Furthermore, the COVID-19 lockdown played a significant role in the increase of these numbers.
The Legal Framework Progress
The Indian government has made necessary changes to its legal framework, such as decriminalizing suicide through the enactment of the Mental Healthcare Act 2017. This crucial step shifts the focus toward treatment and care rather than penalization.
Suicide is Preventable
Suicide is a desperate attempt to escape suffering that feels unbearable. Individuals at a high risk of suicide are often deeply conflicted about dying by suicide because they have a strong desire to end their problems, not their life.
Blinded by hopelessness, isolation, self-loathing or other difficult feelings or thoughts they are often unable to find a solution to end their pain other than taking their own life.
Suicide Causes
Suicide is rarely a result of a single cause. Suicide most often occurs when multiple life stressors, such as personal, political, social, economic, existential, environmental, biological factors co-exist to create feelings of hopelessness. It is difficult to predict the exact cause of suicide, however, one can save lives by learning about risk factors and warning signs of suicide.
Social & Cultural
Isolation, Socio-Economic Status, Stigma and Discrimination - Gender, Sexuality, Caste.
Environmental
Access to lethal means, Pandemic, Neglect, Abuse, Trauma - personal or societal.
Lifestyle Concerns
Substance Abuse, Lack of Sleep, Unhealthy body image issues.
Physical Health
Traumatic Brain Injury, Debilitating Pain / Disease / Monoamine levels.
Precipitating
Traumatic change in relationships, Sudden distressing events.
Warning Signs
Increased awareness about warning signs of suicidal behaviour is the first step towards reducing the stigma surrounding suicide, as well as shifting the blame away from the individual can help in preventing suicide.
Verbal Cues
If the person talks about:
- Wanting to die or kill themself
- Experiencing unbearable pain
- Seeking revenge
They may refer to it indirectly and say things like:
“If _____ does/ not happen, I’ll kill myself.”
“I’m tired of life, I just can’t go on.”
“My family would be better off without me.”
“I won’t be around much longer.”
“Pretty soon you won’t have to worry about me.”
Behavioural Cues
If their behaviour signals:
- Past suicide attempt
- Drug/ alcohol abuse, or relapse after a period of recovery
- Sleeping too much or too little
- Isolating from friends and family
- Stockpiling pills/ poison
- Co-occurring depression, mood disorder
- Unexplained anger, aggression and irritability
- Putting personal affairs in order
- Giving away prized possessions
- Sudden interest or disinterest in religion
Emotional Cues
If they show:
- Sudden mood swings
- Feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, worthlessness and perceived burdensomeness
- Feelings of shame/ humiliation, guilt
- Feeling trapped/ thwarted
- Unexplained anger, aggression, irritability or relief
- Stress, anxiety and restlessness
- Depression/low moods
- Loss of interest
- Dissociation/cognitive dissonance
Protective Factors
While there are many factors that influence a person’s chance of developing suicidal ideations, and there are also many factors that offer a safety net to protect them from suicide. These are called Protective Factors - personal and environmental characteristics that reduce the risk of suicide.
Some of them are a result of the environment, or come naturally to the individual while some can be cultivated regardless of age, sex, gender and cultural diversity. Suicide Prevention seeks to reduce risk factors and increase protective factors. Reducing risk factors may not always be easy as some are a result of deeper cultural, societal and systemic issues. Hence, it is vital that we work towards fostering protective factors that act as a barrier against suicide.
Sobriety
Social connectedness to friends and family
Life skills such as emotional resilience
Self-esteem and a sense of purpose/ meaning in life
Cultural, religious, or personal beliefs that discourage suicide
Access to mental health services
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